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><H1
><A
NAME="APP-ECPG"
></A
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>ecpg</SPAN
></H1
><DIV
CLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
><A
NAME="AEN78043"
></A
><H2
>Name</H2
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>ecpg</SPAN
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;embedded SQL C preprocessor</DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSYNOPSISDIV"
><A
NAME="AEN78049"
></A
><H2
>Synopsis</H2
><P
><TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>ecpg</TT
> [<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>option</I
></TT
>...]  <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>file</I
></TT
>... </P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="APP-ECPG-DESCRIPTION"
></A
><H2
>Description</H2
><P
>   <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>ecpg</TT
> is the embedded SQL preprocessor for C
   programs.  It converts C programs with embedded SQL statements to
   normal C code by replacing the SQL invocations with special
   function calls.  The output files can then be processed with any C
   compiler tool chain.
  </P
><P
>   <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>ecpg</TT
> will convert each input file given on the
   command line to the corresponding C output file.  Input files
   preferably have the extension <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>.pgc</TT
>, in which
   case the extension will be replaced by <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>.c</TT
> to
   determine the output file name.  If the extension of the input file
   is not <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>.pgc</TT
>, then the output file name is
   computed by appending <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>.c</TT
> to the full file name.
   The output file name can also be overridden using the
   <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-o</TT
> option.
  </P
><P
>   This reference page does not describe the embedded SQL language.
   See <A
HREF="ecpg.html"
>Chapter 33</A
> for more information on that topic.
  </P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN78069"
></A
><H2
>Options</H2
><P
>   <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>ecpg</TT
> accepts the following command-line
   arguments:

   <P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-c</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>       Automatically generate certain C code from SQL code.  Currently, this
       works for <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>EXEC SQL TYPE</TT
>.
      </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-C <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>mode</I
></TT
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>       Set a compatibility mode.  <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>mode</I
></TT
> can
       be <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>INFORMIX</TT
> or
       <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>INFORMIX_SE</TT
>.
      </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-D <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>symbol</I
></TT
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>       Define a C preprocessor symbol.
      </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-i</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>       Parse system include files as well.
      </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-I <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>directory</I
></TT
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>       Specify an additional include path, used to find files included
       via <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>EXEC SQL INCLUDE</TT
>.  Defaults are
       <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>.</TT
> (current directory),
       <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/usr/local/include</TT
>, the
       <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> include directory which
       is defined at compile time (default:
       <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/usr/local/pgsql/include</TT
>), and
       <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/usr/include</TT
>, in that order.
      </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-o <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>filename</I
></TT
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>       Specifies that <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>ecpg</TT
> should write all
       its output to the given <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>filename</I
></TT
>.
      </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-r <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>option</I
></TT
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>       Selects run-time behavior.  <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>Option</I
></TT
> can be
       one of the following:
       <P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>no_indicator</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>         Do not use indicators but instead use special values to represent
         null values. Historically there have been databases using this approach.
         </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>prepare</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>         Prepare all statements before using them. Libecpg will keep a cache of
         prepared statements and reuse a statement if it gets executed again. If the
         cache runs full, libecpg will free the least used statement.
         </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>questionmarks</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>         Allow question mark as placeholder for compatibility reasons.
         This used to be the default long ago.
         </P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P></P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-t</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>       Turn on autocommit of transactions. In this mode, each SQL command is
       automatically committed unless it is inside an explicit
       transaction block. In the default mode, commands are committed
       only when <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>EXEC SQL COMMIT</TT
> is issued.
      </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-v</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>       Print additional information including the version and the
       "include" path.
      </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--version</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>       Print the <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>ecpg</SPAN
> version and exit.
      </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--help</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>       Show help about <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>ecpg</SPAN
> command line
       arguments, and exit.
      </P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>
  </P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN78166"
></A
><H2
>Notes</H2
><P
>   When compiling the preprocessed C code files, the compiler needs to
   be able to find the <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>ECPG</SPAN
> header files in the
   <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> include directory.  Therefore, you might
   have to use the <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-I</TT
> option when invoking the compiler
   (e.g., <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>-I/usr/local/pgsql/include</TT
>).
  </P
><P
>   Programs using C code with embedded SQL have to be linked against
   the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>libecpg</TT
> library, for example using the
   linker options <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>-L/usr/local/pgsql/lib -lecpg</TT
>.
  </P
><P
>   The value of either of these directories that is appropriate for
   the installation can be found out using <A
HREF="app-pgconfig.html"
>pg_config</A
>.
  </P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN78178"
></A
><H2
>Examples</H2
><P
>   If you have an embedded SQL C source file named
   <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>prog1.pgc</TT
>, you can create an executable
   program using the following sequence of commands:
</P><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>ecpg prog1.pgc
cc -I/usr/local/pgsql/include -c prog1.c
cc -o prog1 prog1.o -L/usr/local/pgsql/lib -lecpg</PRE
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